The Role of the Colonies in the British Mercantilist System Essay

The Role of the Colonies in the British Mercantilist System - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that in the mid seventeenth century, England was a below average maker, dealer and maritime power. Before the century's over, it pushed out its top of the line contenders, for example, the Dutch and the French, through its military ability and financial creativity. Lord James II, a firm adherent to the perfect right of a ruler, hardened the provincial rule.â Though his replacements, who might relax the hold on the control over settlements, the British Empire depended on trade and therefore its security through military ability. English Empire extended utilizing its settlements as a wellspring of monetary advancement and superficial point of interest among different nations.  With King James II, British states transformed into a wellspring of benefit and force for the British Empire. Ruler James II endeavored to make a midway oversaw Atlantic Empire. Despite the fact that the Glorious Revolution debilitated illustrious hold on power , King James II set forth the establishments of mercantilism, for example, the need to extend monetarily so as to be a heavenly domain. English provinces hence served to improve British monetary status among different governments and autonomous states and towns in Europe. Mercantilism was an arrangement advancing independence among nations of the day. As indicated by Nettels, â€Å"[t]he arrangement planned to pick up for the country a high level of security or independence, particularly as respects food flexibly, crude materials required for fundamental businesses, and the ligaments of war†. In view of this objective, the British gentry sought after provinces which could create sugar, tobacco and other food items. In return, they were required to purchase English fabricated products, or utilize the English vendors as middle people (Henretta and Brody 69). This training was recommended by the Staple Act of 1663, as per which provincial grower purchased the greater part of the required produced merchandise from England (Nettels 109). Britain denied exchange with other European nations, as it couldn't force great terms of exchange (Nettels 105). English government structured laws that would keep states subordinate upon English economy: â€Å"Slaves must be purchased from English slave merchants. The territory must rely on English hotspots for capital and credit, and the grower couldn't profit themselves of legitimate gadgets so as to facilitate their weights of debt† (Nettels 109). Modern advancement overwhelmingly occurred in England. English strategies were to energize modern improvement using any and all means conceivable, for example, â€Å"tariffs, bounties and different types of state aid† (Nettels 113). In contrast to the English producers, provincial makers got no such appropriations (Nettels 113). English government guaranteed the arrangement was trailed by restricting pioneer governments to help settlements with any assistance at all in the field of assembling (Nettels 113). The British gentry supported triumph of new settlements, and forced itself as a maritime force (Nettels 106). Mercantilists saw it a government’s obligation to watch great terms of exchange and to store a satisfactory measure of gold and silver (Nettels 106). Along these lines, as indicated by the Navigation Act of 1661, the mercantilist government disallowed its residents all exchange with remote traders and vessels (Nettels 109). Its military guaranteed the law was obeyed and they even forced it on the Dutch and the French. In any case, the mercantilist government didn't make exercises in the states. As indicated by Nettels, monetary exercises jumped up from pilgrims, who chose which financial action was important for their endurance in new grounds (108). Therefore, the administration just controlled a specific monetary action once it had demonstrated itself to be beneficial. The British government impeded the financial development of manors. The mercantilist framework in England didn't intend to advance monetary improvement in its states. Mercantilism meant to extricate riches from

Managing Through People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Overseeing Through People - Assignment Example particles, including, eg, vocation improvement, preparing, association advancement, etc.†1 Human asset Management (HRM) is the administration movement of the workers of an association where as the Human Resource Development (HRD) is an increasingly broad term wherein separated from the administration work the improvements of the association and the representatives (inside and outer) through various kinds of preparing exercises are likewise the elements of a HRD division. The globalized current business condition has made the errand convoluted for the HR office. A large portion of the organizations are presently setting up their assembling units in abroad nations so as to misuse the abroad markets. A few workers should be sent to the abroad nations so as to set up the business there. The HR chiefs need to prepare such workers as per the necessities of the objective nation. The distinction in culture, language, condition all must be tended to by the HR chiefs while figuring the preparation systems. Microsoft is accepted to be one of the greatest programming organizations on the planet. Actually it controls most of the world’s programming market with their syndication. Significantly different organizations like Intel had to make microchip chips reasonable for the Microsoft’s Windows working framework in view of their imposing business model. Microsoft did this by making a progression of working frameworks (DOS, at that point Windows), and by characterizing the sort of machine that could run their OSs.† (Why is Microsoft a Monopoly?) Microsoft is lead by its author Bill Gates. It is really the extraordinary pioneer transport Bill Gates, formed Microsoft into such a major monopolistic firm on the planet. â€Å"Leadership is setting another bearing or vision for a gathering that they follow, ie: a pioneer is the initiate for that new heading. The executives controls or coordinates individuals/assets in a gathering as per standards or qualities that have just been established.†2 The pioneer constantly focused on setting the

Film!

Film! [by Nathan Kipniss 14] This semester I am currently taking STS.064J/21A.339J (Documenting Science Through Video and New Media). Its ridiculously cool. In the period of one semester you learn how to use serious equipment to create a film. Above is a photo of me shooting outdoor footage from the terrace in Simmons Hall for a practice assignment. I was trying to capture the sunset on film. We also explore different types of documentary, from the classically framed interview to cinma vrit and direct cinema (which, I should emphasize are not the same). One of my favorite films that we watched is Chronique dun t by Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin, which follows people in Paris and Saint-Tropez. There is a cathartic moment involving Marceline Loridan Ivens that I love because it is raw and powerful, which makes it beautiful. A still from the original film is below. Photo credit The Life Cinematic, 1000-films 2009 Edition A few weeks ago, I went with Doug, a fellow ARTalk blogger, and our friend Natthida, over to the MFA to see a screening of the documentary Urbanized. It is by Gary Hustwit, who also made Helvetica and Objectified. Simply amazing. It was interesting to watch while taking STS.064J, and analyzing it for how he used certain techniques to catch captivating interviews and footage. Hustwit is able to capture so much movement with the camera that keeps the audience engaged with the film. All of his shots are gorgeous. I also find the emphasis on design and architecture interesting as well, especially presenting all of the problems in housing people given the current population growth. Im not going to give it all away, you should get ahold of a copy and watch it yourself :) Trailer can be found here: http://urbanizedfilm.com/trailer/ Oh, and I must give a MITSO shout-out before I end. Decebmer 10th. Kresge Auditorium. Free tickets the week preceding the concert in either the student center or Lobby 10. $5 at the door. Program is Piano Concerto in Eb by Mozart and Symphony No. 1 by Mahler. BE THERE. http://web.mit.edu/mitso/ for more info.

The Truth About Vaccines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1710 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Vaccines Essay Did you like this example? The Truth about Vaccines Living a healthy lifestyle can have many different meanings. Whether it is what you eat, where you live, how much you work or how you deal with mental blocks. Living a healthy lifestyle can benefit families in many different ways. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Truth About Vaccines" essay for you Create order Vaccines have become a huge epidemic throughout the nation in recent years and some parents fear the health and safety of vaccinating their children. Parents recently have shown a lot of concern with the pros and cons of how it could affect their child in a negative way. Some also worry vaccines are the reason why children all over the world are born with a common disability known as autism. In recent years, many parents have said that vaccines are not a necessity in society nor are they healthy for children or adults. Vaccines have proven to save childrens lives and nations as well. In America, Polio was once the most feared disease. It caused death and paralysis across the nation, wiping out millions. However, thanks to intense research and vaccinations, there have been no reports of Polio in the United States (HHS, 2017).   Polio was a common disease for children to catch back in the 1950s and it seemed that it would never go away. In an article titled Wiping Out Polio: How the U.S. Snuffed Out A Killer published in 1952, nearly 60,0000 children became infected with the virus. Due to this virus, many children suffered from becoming paralyzed and a few thousand even died. Polio did not have a way of deciding whom it was going to effect but it was very common amongst kids (Beaubien, 2012). With Polio still out there, adults and even kids will still have a chance to obtain it. In Wiping out Polio: How the U.S. Snuffed out a Killer, it also states The virus remains endemic in only two parts of the globe: northern Nigeria and the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, Poliovirus vaccines campaigns were being used throughout the countries of Nigeria and Pakistan. During this study, many parents feared the possible outcomes and consequences when receiving the vaccine. However, once clinical trials later showed that the IPV boosts a childs intestinal immunity tremendously. When children receive vaccines, they have a better chance of living a healthy and longer life then those who go without some vaccines. For example, HPV happens to be a very common disease. HPV occurs when teens or adults become exposed to any form of sexual intercourse i.e. commonly passed through anal a vaginal sex.   When parents administer the vaccine at a young age, it is nearly 100% effective in p rotecting the child throughout their life from HPV (Holloman, 2018). When children are born, they are able to produce more antibodies then the average adult due to the fact their immune systems are made up of new glands, organs, cells and different fluids. Immunizations and vaccinations are able to protect us once we have received them, even after many years. The Centers for Disease control and Prevention stated, The first time a child is infected with a specific antigen, the immune system produces antibodies designed to fight it. This takes time . . . usually the immune system cant work fast enough to prevent the antigen from causing disease, so the child still gets sick. However, the immune system remembers that antigen. If it ever enters the body again, even after many years, the immune system can produce antibodies fast enough to keep it from causing disease a second time. This protection is called immunity (CDC, 2017). When a child receives a vaccination, the child is given a small but strong enough dose of the antigen that will help their body naturally produce the antibodies that leads to their immunity. They have found that this should be any and every childs first exposure to a disease no matter how big or small. Some adults fear that vaccines can reverse the way they perform while in the body. While it is true that you can get sick from having a vaccination, it is not common. The most common side effect could occur in one per several hundred thousand vaccinations (Dohenny, 2014). Dohenny also states that combining vaccines have been used without adverse side effects dated back to the mid 1940s. To put into perspective, Sanjay Gupta said that humans are 100 times more likely to be struck by lightning then to have serious allergic reaction to a vaccine (Gupta, 2015). Many factors come into agreeing or disagreeing with the idea of vaccinations. Adults believe that the ingredients added to the vaccinations are harmful and dangerous to their children and selves.   Some say they do not want to vaccinate their child due to the ideas that vaccinations cause autism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of Autism being an outcome of vaccinations did not take place until the early 1990s. Dr. Andrew Wakefield went on to study if there were commonalities between the vaccinations, autism and bowel disease. With further research they found it to be very strenuous and time consuming and it required a lot of funding. He speculated that the vaccine had a possible chance of causing an internal issue that would later turn into bowel disease and possibly autism (Thompson, 1995). British researchers began to look into the outcomes and symptoms of vaccinations. In 1998, Andrew Wakefield along with 12 others published a case that had evidence that suggested children exhibited autism symptoms after receiving treatment. However, Dr. Richard Horton who discovered that lawyers strictly funded Wakefields research challenged this in 2010. Horton stated that Wakefields research was very flawed and led many to believe vaccinations could be causing their child neurological damage and intestinal damage (Laurance, 2004). In 2011, Brain Deer who at the time wrote for the BMJ reported that he reached out to those parents and children who were considered affected by the vaccinations and it turns out it was all a lie (Deer, 2011). When Deer did his research, he noticed that at most, two children experienced gastrointestinal or autism-like symptoms, not the eight that has been recorded. In addition, Wakefields claimed that all children were normal before the vaccinations, though when looked into the childrens backgrounds two of those students were considered to have developmental delays. When discovering this research it leads many others to research into the connections to autism and vaccinations. Scientific and medical experts will say that there are no connections to one another, especially with all the extensive research they have done. Before the middle of the last century, diseases like whooping cough, polio, measles, Haemophilus influenzae, and rubella struck hundreds of thousands of infants, children and adults in the U.S (CDC, 2017). In todays age, America and many other countries do not see that due to the vaccinations that previous generations have provided. Vaccine-preventable diseases are spread from person to person, often in common places. For example, kids playing on the playground, children or adults who are not vaccinated can affect adults walking around the office or families going to the farmers market in these locations. The CDC declared that nearly 12 million Americans throughout the years of 1964-1965 had been infected with the measles. Today, most doctors have never seen a case of measles. During this time, researchers were coming up with highly effective vaccination programs that could control measles. Doctors and researchers also declared that measles were eliminated from the United States around the early 2000s and with this news, came great hope for many women dealing with pregnancy. When women become pregnant, a mother is expected to receive vaccines that not only protect her but protect her unborn child as well. Mothers expecting or women trying to become pregnant are at huge risk when being exposed to someone who has a virus. However there are vaccinations that most, if not every, doctor will recommend to expecting mothers that will help both the mother and baby during pregnancy. In an article called How Vaccines Protect Moms (and Babies) During Pregnancy and Beyond, written by Beata Mostafavi published by the Michigan Health news states, Pregnancy changes your immune system Having the flu during pregnancy can cause problems for your pregnancy, including affecting the growth of the baby, causing fetal distress, leading to an early delivery and increasing the chance of a cesarean section. Expecting mothers are not able to maintain a healthy amount of antibodies for their growing child without some vaccinations during pregnancy, therefore doctors highly recommen d these vaccinations not only for the babies safety but for the mothers as well. Many vaccinations help protect pregnant women from common illnesses. The flu vaccine for example is a vaccination many women fear about receiving. However, if not administered it can cause life-threatening issues for both the mother and baby i.e. whooping cough. Women fear that receiving vaccinations could harm their child though; Tdap and flu vaccines are considered safe for pregnant women and their unborn child. When receiving vaccinations during pregnancy, the antibodies you are receiving will respond to the vaccine being injected and transfer to your child. It provides both protection for you and the baby. With that being said, it can also protect the baby for several months after delivery (Mostafavi, 2017). So not only are expecting mothers protecting themselves but also their babies even after their born, due to the antibodies mothers are able to provide for their child while in the womb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nations face potential threat everyday whether its war, what you eat, whom we see and what you take in. When participating in vaccinations, not only are people receiving their own health benefits but they are also providing everyone around them with protection as well.   With that, women rely heavily on vaccinations to protect themselves and the child. Parents worry about the consequences of giving their children vaccines but with intense study and research doctors have shown that the common fears parents have are less likely to happen when all the right precautions are taken into consideration. Receiving vaccinations at a young age will benefit your child more than it will hurt them and those who are not providing their children with vaccinations put every other child. Providing the correct healthcare for children and adults is a huge necessity and should be required to be taken more seriously; especially where some diseases are starting to eme rge again.

The World Health Organization Defines Violence Against Women

The World Health Organization defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (2014). Aboriginal women are three times more likely to experience physical abuse than non-Aboriginal women, and this was found to be true regardless of whether the offense was spousal or non-spousal violence (Brownridge, 2003). A key contributor to the violence these women face is rooted within colonization, which essentially left the Aboriginal people in a world saturated with inequality. The colonization of Canada led to a great number of alterations to the indigenous peoples’ lifestyle, and eventually resulted in a number of social variables that contribute to violence. Some of these contributing variables include: â€Å"younger population, lower educational attainment, increased involvement in precarious work, increased alcohol/drug use, increased family size, and living in smaller, rural communities† (Anderson, n.d). Through residential schools, unfair treaties, and assimilation policies and attempts, it’s clear that throughout history Canada has played a leading role in the marginalization of the Aboriginal people. â€Å"While Aboriginal people have been affected as a whole, Aboriginal women have been doubly affected because of this racist ideology and by theShow MoreRelatedDome stic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-basedRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MoreLiving Free From Violence Is A Basic Human Right Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesLiving free from violence is a basic human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer disproportionately from violence both in peace and in war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity. Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group withRead MoreViolence Against Women In India1556 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women is not a problem of today; it is rooted decades before. It is present all over the world .The condition is getting worse day by day. It is crossing all the borders and races. Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeksRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that canRead MoreFemicide1132 Words   |  5 Pagesrape in war and victimization o female refugees. The treatment of women prisoners and detained immigrant women are also related to the issue of femicide. Essentially, femicide is a form of gender-based violence (Stuart van Wormer Bartollas, 2011). It is considered to be an extreme form of gender-based violence that may include torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. The violence often culminated to murder. This violence is linked to gender concept s like inequality, discrimination andRead MoreAnnually 4.8 Million Women Are Physically Assaulted Or1398 Words   |  6 PagesAnnually 4.8 million women are physically assaulted or raped by someone they know or their intimate partners, which translates to three women being killed by their partners each day in the United States (Naylor). The United States has an alarming rate of violence against women, which is a grave violation of human rights. Its impact ranges from immediate to long-term physical, sexual, and mental effects for women and girls, such as depression, PTSD and death. Although both genders are guaranteedRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physicalRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto the World Health Organization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic

A Defense of an Uncensored Worldwide Web Free Essays

The fight for an uncensored worldwide web is, of course, characterized with conflicting principles and values. Although this can be resolved by the courts and other government agencies, there is no doubt that such resolution would not in any way mitigate or stop the struggle. It should be noted that values are not deterministic (behaving in pattern) or located in single set of arguments. We will write a custom essay sample on A Defense of an Uncensored Worldwide Web or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are defined by intensity and of course necessity. There are people who want to abolish the internet in some countries (the president and the imam of Iran for example). There are those who want to regulate the internet; that is, setting up limitations on internet access. And there are those who view the internet as an avenue for articulation (creativity); where intellectual, emotional, and psychological growth could be achieved. One of the most known cases involving the unlimited access to the internet occurred in the Alameda County on January 14, 1999.[1] The county court dismissed a lawsuit that seeks to require the Livermore Library to censor the use of internet at the library. It was the second time that the request had been denied by the court. The plaintiff argued that the unlimited internet access at the library â€Å"constituted a public nuisance.† [2] She also argued that she had a constitutional right to force the library to discontinue its open access policy. The American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California though in a statement argued that such demonizing of the library also constitutes public nuisance. Not only that the civil liberty to inform was affected, but also the â€Å"right of the public to be informed† (the policy rests on the First Amendment values). [3] The same organization also noted that the internet use at the Livermore Public Library informed its patrons over its material content, and that the primary responsibility of supervising the use of internet for children belongs solely to their parents. The same organization noted that â€Å"it enables each family to be sure that its children use the Internet in a manner that is consistent with its own values without imposing those values on other families.†[4] After all the arguments and evidences had been examined, the court decided in favor of the defendant (Livermore Library); that is, for unlimited internet access. Here what one sees is a conflict of values: 1) individual freedom vs. order, 2) right to be informed vs. right to be protected from obscene materials, and 3) individual happiness vs. freedom of conscience. Such conflicts though should not be viewed with rigidity. They are conflicts that cannot be reconciled or settled. In this paper, we shall present evidences and arguments that favorably seeks unlimited internet access; that is, a defense of an uncensored worldwide web. The first part begins with a staunch defense from a normative view, that is, hedonism. [1] Court Upholds Livermore Library’s Uncensored Internet Access Policy. (California: ACLU of Northern California, January 14, 1999). URL http://www.aclunc.org/news/press_releases court_upholds_livermore_library’s_uncensored_internet_access_policy.shtml. Retrieved October 1, 2007.   [2] Ibid [3] Ibid [4] Court Upholds Livermore Library’s Uncensored Internet Access Policy. (California: ACLU of Northern California, January 14, 1999). URL http://www.aclunc.org/news/press_releases/court_upholds_livermore_library’s_uncensored_internet_access_policy.shtml. Retrieved October 1, 2007.    How to cite A Defense of an Uncensored Worldwide Web, Papers

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essays (1206 words) - Nurse Ratched

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest This movie demonstrates much of what I despise about my fellow feeble-minded Americans. In this movie, I saw stereotypes galore, and almost every cliche in the book. For example, one voluntary patient is seeking therapy for his marital problems. It seems that he and his wife were having "sexual" problems. This ultimately leads everyone, patients and viewers alike, to believe that this man must be gay. As if this weren't enough, we have to have the "blind-deaf-and-dumb-guy", and of course, he's foreign! The central character in this drama is Randal McMurphy. Mac is a new patient at the mental institution. He was transferred from a nearby prison. He seems to have been committed not for mental illness but because he is resistant to authority. In the past he has been arrested for such things as assault and statutory rape. He may be a criminal, and he may deserve to be in jail, but he is not insane. He was just too much work for the prison guards "cause I don't sit there like a goddamn vegetable" he says. I believe the only dangerous thing about Mac is his desire to fight authority, and I believe the danger is only for the authority figures. He may not go about his struggle in a lawful manner, but I do believe he has some good, sane ideas and beliefs which he tries to maintain in all of his situations. For example, in jail, he didn't feel it was right for the authorities to demand he act as a "vegetable" and I agree with him. In the institution, he felt that decisions should be made democratically and fairly, and he fought for this belief, which inevitably lead to punishment by ECT . Another influential character in this movie is Billy. Billy has some obvious self-esteem issues. I feel the portion of the film that we viewed in class only touches on his true character. Billy has a very obvious speech impediment, which seems to make him reluctant in many ways. He is the character that follows orders without question. He is threatened by Mac in many ways, but excited by his ideas at the same time. Mac's presence in the institution disrupts the routine that Billy has functioned so well under for so long. It is possible that his naivety could be a dangerous attribute to himself, but I do not feel that Billy is necessarily a dangerous individual. Chief is the stereotyped blind-deaf-and-dumb character. Before Mac, everyone ignored his presence, primarily on the basis of his silence. The other patients and staff apparently never even tried to incorporate Chief into their activities. When Mac comes along, he tries to utilize one of Chief's attributes, his height, in a basketball game. After awhile, Chief catches on, to the astonishment of all present, and helps Mac's team win a game. To the surprise to Mac, in a private moment Chief speaks. This leads the audience to believe that perhaps this silent man would only speak to those worthy of his words. Chief is not dangerous, only cautious. The infamous Nurse Ratched is the head nurse on this floor. She leads the therapy sessions and attempts to maintain order of her patients. She always uses a calm and rational tone of voice and claims to know what is best for all of her patients. The audience is lead to believe that she has some ulterior motives for her decisions when she requests that Mac stay in the ward during a review of his mental status. It is apparent to all at this point that there is nothing mentally wrong with Mac, though she decides he needs to stay. Perhaps this decision was made out of spite for his disruptive behavior. I do feel that she is dangerous. She has the power to keep a sane man in a mental institution and rule over his life for as long as she desires-this is very dangerous. Along with medication, the patients in this ward are undergoing a sort of talking therapy. It is lead by Nurse Ratched. Only certain patients are involved, primarily the less severe patients. Several patients assemble themselves in a semi-circle at the beginning of the session. They may begin where they had left off during a previous session, or they may start with a new issue. I am not sure if this type of therapy is used widely. I understand the benefits of group therapy, but perhaps in this situation a more individual-based therapy